Construction Drawings; Generalities, Types, and Measurements
There are also some city governments that set guidelines and recommendations to develop Technical/ Architectural drawings.
Drawing Users are:
∙ Owner
∙ Design Professional
∙ Contractor
∙ Owner's Representative
∙ Consultant
∙ Subcontractor
∙ Material Supplier
∙ Product Manufacturer
∙ Government Official
∙ Building Official
∙ Accountant
∙ Attorney
∙ Lender
∙ End User
4
ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATION
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS – DRAWING TYPES
List of Sheets:
1-Cover and general info
2-Floor Plans
3-Building Elevations
4-Reflected Ceiling Plans (RCPs)
5-Building Sections
6-Large Scale Views: Enlarged Plans, wall sections.
7-Interior Elevations
8-Details
9-Three dimensional representations
10-Schedules
11-Diagrams
12-Schedules
1-COVER AND GENERAL INFO:
The cover sheet is unique to the sheet organization format.
The cover sheet may identify the project, owner, and other project team members involved in preparing the drawings.
The cover sheet may also contain a photograph, rendering of the project, or logo of the owner or preparer. If the cover sheet contains specific project data such as a list of sheets, a listing of abbreviations, general notes, a building code summary, or a key plan, etc., it should be identified with a sheet identifier containing the discipline designator G for general, sheet type 0, and the sequence number 01 (G-001) since will be the general info sheet.
ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATION
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
2-FLOOR PLANS:
Views of horizontal planes, showing components in their horizontal relationship. (Site Plans, general floor plans). Overall building plans are usually drawn at a scale that enables to see the whole plan. Most elements of the overall plan are keyed to other drawings in the set.
ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATION
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
3-BUILDING ELEVATIONS:
Views of vertical planes, showing components in their vertical relationship, viewed perpendicularly from a selected vertical plane.
They should describe materials and important vertical dimensions and levels
4-REFLECTED CEILINGS PLANS (RCPs):
(RCPs) Is an upside down floor plan, literally a plan of the ceiling.
Used to describe light and AC fixture placement and types, ceiling heights and materials, etc. RCPs employ standard keys and symbols as well as some specific to the ceiling plan. Doors and windows do not appear on an RCP, but headers do.
ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATION
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5-BUILDING SECTION:
Views of vertical cuts through and perpendicular to components, showing their detailed arrangement.8
ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATION
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
9
ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATION
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6-LARGE SCALE VIEWS:
Views of plans, elevations, or sections at a larger scale and with more detail than the referenced view. Enlarged floor plans, enlarged RCPs, wall sections, STAIRS.
10
ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATION
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7-INTERIOR ELEVATIONS:
Are drawn at a larger scale than the overall building plans, allowing for more details, notes, and dimensions to be represented.
Keyed from the building plan, interior elevations are, in turn, keyed to other, larger-scale views, such as section and plan details of cabinetry construction and wall sections.
The following list of items should be included in all interior elevations: access panels, louvers and grilles, electrical switchgear and panels, large pipes, changes in wall materials, door and wall light heights, vertical dimensions and, in some cases, horizontal dimensions if not shown on the plans, power, telephone, data, and other outlets around casework, equipment, furnishings, and other places here the location is critical.
11
ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATION
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
8-DETAILS:
Plans, elevations, or sections that provide more specific information about a portion of a project component or element than smaller-scale drawings.
Details are drawn at scales such as 1-1/2”=1’-0”, 3”=1’-0”, 6”=1’-0”, and are keyed from and to numerous other drawings. Wall Types, important.
9-THREE DIMENSIONAL REPRESENTATIONS:
Perspectives, isometric drawings, and electronic models.
12
ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATION
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
10-DIAGRAMS:
Non-scaled views showing arrangements of special system components and connections not possible to clearly show in scaled views. They can be noted with dimensions.
They may represent a plan or an elevation such as a casework, louver, window, or door type. They may be schematic in nature such as mechanical, plumbing, and electrical riser diagrams.
11-SCHEDULES:
Tables or charts that include data about materials, products, and equipment. Might be complemented with graphic sections, as W&D schedule.
13
ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATION
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS – MEASUREMENTS
The two primary measurement systems used in the world today are the metric system and the U.S. customary units system. Metric system has become the universally accepted system.
1-IMPERIAL:
Imperial units may be shown in a number of ways, including as fractions (9’-1 1/2”) or as decimals (1.5” or 0.125”). Can be architectural or Engineering scales
Important! Calculating Scale Factor:
To convert an architectural drawing scale to a scale factor
- Select the desired scale. 1/8" = 1'-0"
- Invert the fraction and multiply by 12. 8/1 x 12 = Scale Factor 96
To convert an engineering drawing scale to a scale factor:
- Select the desired scale. 1" = 20'
- Multiply the feet by 12. 20 x 12 = Scale Factor 240
14
ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATION
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
15
ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATION
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
2-METRIC:
Millimeters are the preferred unit for dimensioning buildings in Australia and the Middle East, meters is usually used in South and Central America.
16
ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATION
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
17